A ‘nonce’ is something used when encrypting data - it adds randomness into the data, so that identical messages will be encrypted differently. This stops hackers executing attacks where they can guess the first bit of the message, and work backwards to the encryption key (among different attacks).

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_nonce

I’m interested! I thought both words derive from Latin prosequi/persequi and had essentially the same meaning as modern English. Which language do you speak?

Is that prosecuted or persecuted? Hmmm, actually both fit perfectly in your sentence

It’s in the middle of a Russian winter so the central heating must have been belting out so much heat for the poor Colonel to open said window.

Umm, it’s your immune system that detects the vaccine and responds to it by developing antibodies specific to the vaccine (and by extension to the actual disease). Just as it would when challenged in real life by the pathogen.

Vaccination basically gives your immune system a several day head start on producing antibodies.